Argentina | Artificial Intelligence in Justice : 2024 Advances and 2025 Challenges

Published on Dec 16, 2024

Summary: I.- Introduction. II.- Preliminary Guide on Responsible AI in Argentina (AAIP). III.- National Integrated Artificial Intelligence Program in Justice. IV.- Approval of the "Acceptable Use Protocol for Generative AI (IAGen)." V.- AI-Assisted Jurisprudence Search System of the National Tax Court. VI.- Conclusions and 2025 Challenges.

I.- Introduction

Throughout 2024, artificial intelligence made significant strides in Argentina, becoming a key tool for transforming various sectors, particularly in the judicial realm. Many public and private institutions have driven innovative projects ranging from program development to the creation of AI-assisted search systems and protocols for the responsible use of these technologies. These advancements have not only optimized efficiency and accessibility in managing judicial processes but also allowed judicial system actors to adopt new ways of interacting with and accessing information, such as case law, improving decision-making and access to justice.

II.- Preliminary Guide on Responsible AI in Argentina (AAIP)

One of the major advances was the publication of the "Guide for Public and Private Entities on Transparency and Personal Data Protection for Responsible Artificial Intelligence" by the Access to Public Information Agency (AAIP), which focuses on the implications of technologies based on automated decision-making systems.

The goal is to assist both public and private sector actors by providing guidelines that help incorporate transparency and personal data protection as essential and cross-cutting aspects of technological development projects involving AI, ensuring the effective exercise of citizens' rights.

This preliminary guide targets a broad audience, including public and private organizations, professionals, AI solution providers, governments, policy-makers, companies implementing AI, academic institutions researching the impact of these systems, and civil society organizations focused on protecting citizens' rights amid rapid AI advancement.

Given the particularities of AI, the guide highlights that unsupervised use can infringe fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression (due to lack of understanding), privacy (using sensitive data without consent), and human dignity. The guide identifies risks like:

• Bias and Discrimination
• Poor data quality
• Privacy violations
• Security risks
• Misuse of personal data
• Identity fraud
• Lack of transparency

III.- National Integrated Artificial Intelligence Program in Justice

Another national achievement was the publication of Resolution 111/2024 in the Official Gazette, which formally created the "National Integrated Artificial Intelligence Program in Justice" under the Office of the Chief of Cabinet of Advisors.
This initiative was launched considering that information technology must be used to reduce and eliminate social gaps in access to justice and to provide efficient tools in administrative and judicial procedures, easing their duration and improving service to the public.
Key objectives of the program include:

1) Promoting the necessary actions for using AI to improve responses, administrative procedures, and judicial processes in the face of the challenge posed by digital tools, ensuring effective and swift responses to the public.

2) Fostering AI implementation efficiency while guaranteeing its use aligns with citizens' fundamental rights.

3) Enabling society, via AI, to easily access mechanisms that protect and uphold their rights.

4) Implementing AI tools to optimize the work of actors involved in administrative and judicial processes.

IV.- Approval of the "Acceptable Use Protocol for Generative AI (IAGen)’’

The Supreme Court of San Juan Province approved a new protocol for the use of generative artificial intelligence in the judicial field. General Agreement No. 102/2024 established the "Acceptable Use Protocol for Generative AI (IAGen)," which is mandatory for all judicial agents in the province.

This protocol complements the regulation set by the Protocol for the Use of Information Technology and Telecommunications Resources, approved by General Agreement No. 126 on July 26, 2022.

It emphasizes the risks of using this technology and sets prohibitions to ensure its ethical, responsible, and safe use within the judicial system. Adherence to these rules is vital to avoid risks that could compromise the integrity of the judicial system and the security of processed data. Key points include:

· Personal Use: Generative AI is exclusively for professional and judicial purposes and cannot be used for personal activities.

· Inappropriate Content: The creation, distribution, or use of offensive, illegal, or inappropriate content through IAGen is strictly prohibited.

· Data Manipulation: Judicial agents must not alter or falsify data in a way that could mislead, alter the course of a judicial process, or harm the judiciary.

· Unauthorized Access: Unauthorized access to judicial resources or platforms containing confidential or sensitive information is prohibited.

A key point in the protocol is data anonymization. It requires that data or documents shared with IAGen be anonymized to remove any identifiable information before use.

V.- AI-Assisted Jurisprudence Search System of the National Tax Court

                          Lastly, the National Tax Court (TFS) launched an innovative tool designed to transform access to its jurisprudence through artificial intelligence. This search system’s main objective is to facilitate the process and analysis of case law, providing users with quicker and more accurate access.
                          The system allows users to search using full descriptions, legal statements, or specific questions, without needing to match the exact vocabulary used in rulings. This helps find relevant precedents for new arguments or legal analysis, streamlining the research process.
                          It was developed in record time using only the court's resources, making the National Tax Court the first Argentine court to have its own tool employing advanced AI techniques. The search engine currently includes over 12,000 rulings from 2019 to 2024 and is automatically updated, with plans to include older case law.

Main features of the system:

· Finds relevant results even if the query language differs from the jurisprudence used.

· Tolerates minor typographical errors.

· Optimized as a recommendation system for legal doctrines and reasoning.

VI.- Conclusions and 2025 Challenges

This year has been marked by several advancements in artificial intelligence in our country, but this progress is not the end point—it is just the beginning. As AI continues to develop, the question is not whether the technology is changing the landscape, but how we ensure it does so ethically, justly, and in a truly transformative way.
The achievements of this year, such as the creation of jurisprudence search tools and responsible use protocols, are only the start. The challenges for 2025 include not only refining existing systems but also ensuring that AI does not become a double-edged sword. The fight for transparency, protection of fundamental rights, and the elimination of algorithmic biases is crucial to prevent the automation of justice from undermining public trust in the judicial system.